Ingxelo yophando yoshishino lweglasi yefayibha: Imodeli yemathiriyeli ehlanganisiweyo, umjikelo kunye nokukhula kuyahlalisana

Imodeli ye-Glass ehlanganisiweyo ye-fiber composite, esetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho lwesizwe

1.1 I-Glass fiber - ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-inorganic non-metallic material

Ifiber yeglasi yezixhobo zokusebenza eziphezulu, uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo.Ifayibha yeglasi yazalwa ngeminyaka yoo-1930, yipyrophyllite, isanti yequartz, ikalika, idolomite, iborite, iboromite kunye nezinye izinto eziphambili zeminerali ekrwada kunye ne-boric acid, uthuthu lwesoda kunye nezinye iikhemikhali zokuvelisa izinto ezingezizo ezentsimbi.Ngobunzima obulula, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nobuphantsi, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukugquma ubushushu, ukubuyiswa komlilo, ukufunxa isandi, ukugquma kombane kunye nezinye iipropathi ezigqwesileyo kunye nomgangatho othile wokuyilwa komsebenzi, yinto egqwesileyo esebenzayo kunye nezixhobo zesakhiwo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-glass fiber thermoplastic imathiriyeli eyomeleziweyo iye yaphuhla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iimveliso ezintsha ezifana nefiber yeglasi eyomeleziweyo yezixhobo zokwakha, ifayibha emfutshane kunye nezixhobo ezide eziqinisiweyo ziye zaba ziimbalasane ezintsha zophuhliso lweshishini leglasi.Ukusetyenziswa kwefiber yeglasi kwandisiwe ukusuka kwimizi-mveliso yemveli efana nemathiriyeli yokwakha, izixhobo zombane, ezothutho zikaloliwe, i-petrochemical, ukwenziwa kweemoto ukuya kumabala asakhulayo afana ne-aerospace, ukuveliswa kwamandla omoya, ukuhluza kunye nokususwa kothuli, ubunjineli bokusingqongileyo, kunye nobunjineli bolwandle.

Umgaqo wokuhlela uhlukile, kwaye iintlobo zefiber zeglasi zihlukile.Ngokwendlela yemveliso eyahlukeneyo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa, iimveliso zeglasi zeglasi zinokwahlulwa zibe yi-roving, i-spun larn, iimveliso ezijikelezayo, iimveliso zomsonto osontiweyo ngokweendidi ezine.Ukuzulazula kubandakanya umsonto othe ngqo, umsonto weply kunye nomsonto onqumlayo;Umsonto ocolekileyo unokohlulwa ube ngumsonto ojijekileyo wokuqala, umsonto ojije kabini, umsonto omninzi kunye nomsonto othe ngqo.Iimveliso ezijikelezayo ziquka ilaphu le-axial eninzi, ilaphu le-plaid, ivakalelwa;Iimveliso zomsonto ocolekileyo ziquka ilaphu le-elektroniki kunye nelaphu lamashishini.Ngokwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeresin ye-matrix ehambelanayo, inokwahlulwa ibe yifayibha yeglasi ye-thermosetting kunye ne-thermoplastic yeglasi yeglasi iindidi ezimbini.

I-matrix resins ehambelana nefiber yeglasi ye-thermosetting resin yi-phenolic resin, i-urea-formaldehyde resin, i-epoxy resin, i-unsaturated resin, i-polyurethane kunye nokunye.I-resin ye-Thermosetting yi-linear okanye i-branched-chain polymer ngaphambi kokunyanga, kwaye emva kokunyanga ubushushu, iibhondi zeekhemikhali zenziwe phakathi kwamatyathanga eemolekyuli ukuze zibe yi-three-dimensional network structure, eyenziwa kanye kwaye ayikwazi ukufudumeza kwakhona.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezifuna ukufezekisa ukufudumala kokushisa, ukunyanzeliswa kokugqoka, ukugquma, umbane ophezulu kunye nezinye iziphumo, ezifana ne-wind blades kunye neebhodi zeesekethe.

Iireyini ze-matrix ezihambelana nefiber yeglasi yeresin ye-thermoplastic ikakhulu yi-polyolefin, i-polyamide, i-polyester, i-polycarbonate, i-polyformaldehyde njalo njalo.I-resin ye-Thermoplastic bubunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli eqinile kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, i-linear okanye i-polymer ye-branched chain chain, akukho-cross-linking phakathi kwee-molecule, kuphela nge-van der Waals force okanye i-hydrogen bond ukutsala enye kwenye.Kwinkqubo yokubumba, i-resin ye-thermoplastic ithambile kwaye igeleza emva kokufudumeza koxinzelelo, ngaphandle kwe-chemical crosslinking, kwaye inokubunjwa kwi-mold, kwaye iimveliso ezinokwakheka okufunekayo zingenziwa ngokupholisa.Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukumelana nokudinwa kunye nezinye iziphumo zentsimi, ezifana nokuveliswa kweemoto, izixhobo zasekhaya, izixhobo zombane, izinto zokwakha.Emva kokuba i-thermoplastic glass fiber composite iphilisiwe kwaye ipholile, isenokufikelela kumanzi ngokufudumeza kwakhona kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona.

Itanki yokuvelisa ifayibha yeglasi yeyona nto iphambili, umzobo wocingo olunqamlezayo oyekiswa kancinci kancinci emarikeni.Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini eziphambili zeglasi zokuvelisa ifayibha, ezahlulwe zibe zimbini zokwenza - indlela yokuzoba i-crucible wire kunye neyodwa - indlela yokuzoba i-pool kiln wire drawing.Indlela yokudweba i-Crucible wire: inkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi, i-glass material eluhlaza iyancibilika kwibhola yeglasi kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kwaye ibhola yeglasi inyibilika kabini, kwaye umzobo we-high-speed wire wenziwa kwi-glass fiber yarn.Indlela yokudweba ucingo lwe-pool kiln: izinto eziluhlaza ezifana ne-pyrophylla ziyancibilika kwi-oven ukwenza isisombululo seglasi, kwaye amaqamza asuswe kwaye ahanjiswe kwi-plate yokuvuza e-porous ngokusebenzisa umjelo, kwaye i-fiber yeglasi itsalwa ngesantya esiphezulu.I-kiln inokudibanisa amakhulu eepleyiti ezivuzayo ngokusebenzisa amajelo amaninzi ngexesha elinye.Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yokuzoba i-crucible wire kiln, inkqubo yokuzoba i-pool kiln pool ilula, ukonga amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa, ukubunjwa okuzinzileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nesivuno esiphezulu, kwaye ilungele imveliso ezenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo, eye yaba yimveliso yelizwe jikelele. inkqubo, kwaye idimension yefiber yeglasi eveliswa yile nkqubo ibalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yemveliso yehlabathi.